The fertilizer production line is a key system for converting organic waste, chemical raw materials, etc. into efficient fertilizers, and its equipment configuration directly affects production efficiency and product quality. According to the type of fertilizer (organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, biological fertilizer, etc.), the production line equipment varies, but the core process is similar. The following is an analysis of commonly used equipment and their functions in fertilizer production lines.
1、 Raw material pretreatment equipment
crusher
Function: Crush large raw materials (such as animal manure, straw, ore, etc.) to a suitable particle size for processing.
Common types:
Chain crusher: suitable for high humidity organic materials such as fresh manure and sludge.
Hammer crusher: suitable for drying raw materials such as phosphate ore and potassium salt.
Key parameters: The discharge particle size is usually controlled between 3-10mm, and the processing capacity is 5-20 tons/hour.
screening machine
Function: Remove impurities (such as stones and plastics) from raw materials to ensure stable subsequent processes.
Common types: drum screen, vibrating screen.
2、 Fermentation equipment (specifically for organic fertilizers)
Flipping machine
Function: Promote aerobic fermentation of materials and accelerate maturation speed.
Common types:
Slot type flipping machine: suitable for fixed fermentation tanks, flipping depth of 1.5-2 meters.
Crawler type compost turning machine: suitable for outdoor composting, with strong maneuverability.
Key parameters: Fermentation cycle is 15-30 days, and the temperature needs to be maintained at 50-70 ℃ to kill pathogens.
Fermentation tank (suitable for small production lines)
Function: Closed fermentation, reducing odor emissions, high degree of automation.
3、 Mixing and batching equipment
Mixing machine
Function: Mix different raw materials (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) or fermented organic matter evenly.
Common types:
Dual axis blade mixer: Mixing uniformity ≥ 95%, suitable for powdered materials.
Vertical mixer: suitable for viscous materials such as sludge and straw.
Automatic batching system
Function: Accurately control the raw material ratio (such as the N-P-K ratio in Hefei).
Key parameters: The dynamic error of the electronic scale is ≤ 0.5%, and it supports PLC automation control.
4、 Granulation equipment
Disc Pelletizer
Function: Roll the material into granules by rotating the disc, suitable for small and medium-sized production.
Advantages: Adjustable particle diameter of 2-8mm, low power consumption (15kW • h/ton).
Function: Continuous production, suitable for large-scale granulation of compound fertilizers.
Advantages: High production capacity (10-50 tons/hour), good particle strength.
extruder
Function: No drying process, direct high-pressure molding, suitable for bio organic fertilizers.
5、 Drying and cooling equipment
Rotary Dryer
Function: Reduce particle moisture (from 30% to ≤ 15%).
Key parameters: Hot air temperature of 200-300 ℃, reverse flow design saves 30% energy.
Cooling machine
Function: Avoid particle agglomeration and improve storage stability.
Common types: vibration cooler, fluidized bed cooler.
6、 Screening and packaging equipment
vibrating screen
Function: Graded particles, removing particles that are too large or too small (such as qualified 4-6mm products).
Automatic Packaging Machine
Function: Quantitative packaging (25kg/bag or 50kg/bag), accuracy ± 0.2%.
Type: Valve packaging machine (powder fertilizer), weighing packaging machine (granular fertilizer).
7、 Environmental protection auxiliary equipment
Dust removal system: Reduce dust pollution in the crushing and screening processes.
Deodorization equipment: biological filter or chemical washing tower, used to treat fermentation waste gas.
The selection of equipment for fertilizer production lines should be comprehensively considered based on the characteristics of raw materials, production capacity requirements, and product types (organic fertilizer/compound fertilizer/biological fertilizer). Modern production lines are developing towards automation and energy conservation, such as introducing IoT to monitor fermentation temperature and AI to optimize ingredient ratios. Reasonable equipment configuration can not only improve efficiency, but also reduce energy consumption and labor costs, helping fertilizer companies achieve sustainable development.