NPK fertilizer, as a core compound fertilizer, simultaneously provides nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, meeting the growth needs of crops. Establishing an efficient and environmentally friendly NPK fertilizer production line requires a scientific process that balances technical specifications with market demand. This process can be divided into three specific phases.

Preliminary planning forms the foundation for production line construction. First, market research and production capacity determination must be completed. Annual production capacity (e.g., 50,000 tons or 100,000 tons) must be determined based on regional agricultural demand to avoid overcapacity or undercapacity. Second, site and qualification approvals must be completed. The site should be located away from residential areas, ensuring convenient transportation and a stable water and power supply. Environmental assessments and safety production permits must also be obtained, ensuring compliance with the National Fertilizer Industry Pollutant Emission Standards. Precise equipment selection is also crucial. Core equipment includes a raw material crusher, mixer, granulator (rotary drum granulation or extrusion granulation is recommended), dryer, and finished product screening machine. Equipment specifications must be matched to production capacity, with energy-saving equipment being a priority to reduce subsequent operating costs.
Quality and efficiency must be strictly controlled throughout the production process. During the raw material pretreatment stage, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, and other raw materials must be crushed to 80-100 mesh to ensure uniform mixing. The mixing process requires precise dosing according to the recipe, with an automatic batching system controlling the error within ±0.5% to ensure balanced fertilizer nutrients. During the granulation process, the material humidity and temperature must be adjusted (typically between 60-80°C) to maximize pellet formation efficiency. During the drying and cooling processes, the hot air temperature must be controlled to prevent nutrient loss. Finally, unqualified pellets are separated through a screening machine for recycling. Furthermore, a real-time monitoring mechanism must be established to test finished products for nutrient content, particle size, compressive strength, and other indicators to ensure compliance with the GB/T 15063-2020 standard.
Later operations must focus on environmental protection and management. Production lines must be equipped with dust collection systems and wastewater treatment equipment to reduce dust emissions and water pollution. A regular equipment maintenance plan should be established, focusing on overhauling core equipment such as granulators and dryers to minimize downtime losses. A comprehensive warehousing system should be established to store finished products in a classified manner to prevent moisture and agglomeration. In addition, an automated control system can be introduced, enabling production process monitoring through a PLC system to improve production efficiency and product stability.
Establishing an NPK fertilizer production line is a comprehensive project involving technology, capital, and management. Strict adherence to standardized procedures is essential to ensuring product quality while achieving a win-win situation for both environmental protection and profitability, providing high-quality fertilizer support for agricultural production.